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The religion of the Hebrews was in existence long before its first prophet and law – giver Moses came on the scene. The first historical figure among the Hebrews is Abraham, who left Ur in Chaldaea with the Hebrew tribe, about 2000 B.C. After a long period of wandering in the Arabian Desert, the Hebrews at last settled in Egypt. How ever, the mighty Pharaohs enslaved them.
It was left to Moses to liberate the Hebrews from Egyptian bondage and to lead them to a land of milk and honey and promised them by God. On the way, at Mount Sinai, Moses received the ‘Ten Commandments’ from ‘ Yahweh’ or Jehovah, the Supreme God.
By the time the Hebrews had settled in the Promised Land, the first five books of Moses had been written.
The Hebrews organized themselves into the Kingdom of Israel round 100 B.C. in 586 B.C. Nebuchadnessar conquered Israel and carried off the Hebrews into the Babylonian captivity. With the conquest of Palestine by Cyrus, the Hebrew was re-settled in Israel. It was during this period that the writings of the Prophets and the Psalms were codified.
The Law, the Prophets and the Psalms remained as separate holy books until the time of Christ, when they were put together as the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament. The Talmud, which is a collection of detailed laws for the guidance of civil, domestic and social life, was completed during the 4 the and 5 th centuries A.D.
Judaism is a simple religion, which aims at a moral life. To the Jews, right conduct is more important than right belief. According to the Talmud every Good man is assured of heaven, the gentile who observes the moral law being the equal of the High Priest. Judaism is free from sentimentalism and is averse to self-imposed suffering idleness and asceticism. Jerusalem is the Holy City of the Jews. |
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