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India has one of the oldest, richest and diverse cultural traditions associated with the use of medicinal plants and herbs for human, livestock and plant health and also in textiles, perfumery and cosmetics. While the usage of herbs for treatments and perfumes continued till 19 th century, the development of various synthetic drugs and perfumes during the early part of the century resulted in a perceptible change from herbal products to synthetic products.
Medicinal plants as a group comprise approximately 8000 species and account for around 50 per cent of all the higher flowering plant species of India. There are estimated to be over 7800 manufacturing units in India. The Indian Systems of Medicine have identified around 1500 medicinal plants, of which 500 species are mostly used in the preparation of drugs. The medicinal plants contribute to cater 80 per cent of the raw materials used in the preparation of drugs. The effectiveness of these drugs mainly depends upon the proper use and sustained availability of genuine raw materials.
Around 70% of the medicinal plants in the country are spread across the tropical forests of the Western ghats, the Vindhyas, the Nagpur plateaus, Aravalli, the Terai region and the wide areas of the Himalayas and the North East. The diverse climatic conditions of India is suitable for cultivation and especially medicinal plants which has helped in finding of the Indian Systems of Medicine (ISM) which is slowly developing into a form of alternate medicines globally.
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